译者 江烈农
Workers claim abuse as China adds Zimbabwe to its scramble for Africa
Workers on Robert Mugabe's pet construction project say they suffer regular beatings and miserable pay and conditions
David Smith in Harare
guardian.co.uk, Monday 2 January 2012 20.01 GMT
中国大打非洲牌，援建津巴布韦，工人抱怨遭虐待
——穆加贝倾心建造国防学院，工人抱怨常遭打、工资低、环境差
2012年1月2日《卫报》（The Guardian）世界新闻版报道
作者：大卫·史密斯（David Smith）
译者：江烈农
Robert Mugabe is welcomed to Beijing by the Chinese president, Hu Jintao. China plans to invest up to $10bn in Zimbabwe over the next five years, more than in any other country. Photograph: Peter Parks/AFP/Getty Images
图为国家主席胡景涛欢迎津巴布韦总统穆加贝访华。中方计划未来五年内向津巴布韦投资，金额高达一百亿美元。津巴布韦目前已成为未来几年中国海外投资额最高的一个国家。 | 图片：彼得·帕克斯（Peter Parks）／法新社／盖蒂图片（Getty Images）
In the evening gloom the vast complex emerges into view. Beyond a high security wall, insects dance in the beam of a giant floodlight. Men are still hard at work in the skeletons of concrete tower blocks, and standing at the centre of it all is the arch of a Chinese pagoda.
夜幕降临，一组巨大的建筑滑入视野。安保高墙另一面，巨大的探照灯划破夜空，草虫在光柱中飞舞，灯光下的男人们辛苦劳作。钢筋混凝土高层建筑框架中间，俨然矗立着一个中式宝塔的拱顶结构。
Zimbabwe's national defence college is under construction within a sprawling, heavily-guarded compound whose brooding presence sends a clear message to any would-be revolutionary. Some have dubbed it the "Robert Mugabe national school of intelligence".
这是正在施工中的津巴布韦国防学院，这是一片戒备森严、张牙舞爪的大规模围地，其阴鹜、险恶的嘴脸似向外界传递一个清晰的信息，警示着任何意图想要革命的思想种子切勿萌芽。有人拿总统罗伯特·穆加贝（Robert Mugabe）开玩笑，戏称这个庞然大物是“穆加贝的国家情报学校”。
The construction site north of Harare has also become the lightning rod for another source of simmering resentment – Chinese labour practices.
这个建筑工程位于津巴布韦首都哈拉雷市（Harare）以北，其进程好比一根引雷针，积攒、滋生出另一股仇恨情绪——对中方劳工措施的不满。
Surrounded by a perimeter wall that runs for a kilometre through what was once farmland, the shadowy military academy is being built by a Chinese contractor whose managers are accused of meting out physical punishments, miserable conditions and meagre pay.
工地原本是农田，而现在则筑起了一公里长的工事围墙，修建着一座阴暗的军事学院，建筑承包商来自中国，其管理人员被指对工人施行体罚，且其提供的工资微薄、工作条件恶劣不堪。
"The beatings happen very often," said a 28-year-old carpenter, wearing blue overalls as he made the long walk home after a 14-hour shift. "They ill-treat you and, if you make a mistake, they beat you up.
“他们经常打人。”一位28岁的木匠说道，他身穿蓝色工作服，刚轮完14个小时的班，步行走回离工地很远的家。他说：“他们对你很恶劣，只要你一犯错，就挨揍。”
"I saw some men beaten up yesterday. A guy complained: 'You're not treating us like human beings,' and the Chinese replied: 'You should appreciate we've come to assist you.' They beat him up and he was fired." He estimated that there were about 600 Zimbabwean and 300 Chinese workers on the site. Around 50 of the Chinese were managers. Some of the Chinese have "nice homes inside" while others live in wooden shacks just outside the complex. The Zimbabweans and Chinese rarely mix, he added. "They don't speak English so we use sign language. The Chinese eat off plates, then give us the leftovers."
“昨天我看到有一帮人挨揍，很惨，其中有个家伙抱怨说：‘你们根本就没把我们当人看。’那中国人答说：‘我们是来援助你们的，你们感谢都来不及。’然后暴打这家伙一顿，还把他炒了鱿鱼。”木匠估计工地大约有600津巴布韦工人以及300中国工人。中国人中有约50人都是管理人员。有的中国人住在楼内，所谓“温馨小家”，而其他人则全部住在楼外的木棚里。两国人几乎没有交集，他补充道：“他们不会讲英语，所以我们比划手势。中国人先吃，吃剩下的食物才给我们吃。”
The carpenter said he typically gets up at 4am and works from 7am to 9pm every day. For this he is paid $4 (£2.50) a day, but at least it is work so he can feed his wife and three children. "We don't have a choice because we need to survive. But if it was possible to chase all the Chinese away, I would."
木匠说，他通常凌晨4点起床，从早上7点一直干到晚上9点，天天如此。他的薪水是一天4美金（约合人民币25元），但这至少是份工作，他就靠这钱养活老婆和三个孩子。他说：“我们没的选择，因为我们需要生存。但如果哪一天，我能有机会把中国人全赶跑的话，我肯定不犹豫。”
Reports of abuse by managers at the Chinese contractor, Anhui Foreign Economic Construction Company (AFECC), are widespread, as are complaints that the government is turning a blind eye because it cannot afford to lose such a valuable partner.
安徽省外经建设（集团）有限公司（AFECC）是该项工程承建商，关于该公司管理人员虐待工人的报道已是满天飞。同时，人们也风传津巴布韦政府对此视若无睹——为了保住这么个宝贵的合作伙伴，政府只能睁一只眼闭一只眼。
A 26-year-old builder, on his way to a nightshift, said: "We tried to go on strike but the leader of it was beaten up and sacked. The government doesn't say anything, even though it knows people are beaten up. I saw them undress some workers and beat them with helmets. Some of them were crying with the pain.
一位26岁的建筑工人走在上夜班的路上，他说：“我们曾试图罢工，但罢工的领袖被暴打、开除。政府虽然知道我们的人民被揍，但一声不吭；而我看到有些工人被剥光了打，用头盔打，有的因为受不了疼痛，哭喊出声。
"We feel angry but we need money, so there is no choice. If you don't work 10 hours, there is no money."
“我们感到愤怒，但我们需要钱，所以没的选择。你至少得干10个小时，要不就没钱。”
Attempts to contact AFECC by telephone and email were unsuccessful. The company's website refers to projects in Ivory Coast, Mozambique and Zambia, and describes how the project team of the Zimbabwe national defence college raised $4,570 for a carpenter, Chen Zongde, whose son needed treatment for leukaemia.
我们尝试通过电话和电子邮件联系安徽外经建，均告失败。该公司网站提到了其在科特迪瓦（即象牙海岸）、莫桑比克和赞比亚等国的项目，还介绍说负责津国防学院的项目组如何如何为一个名叫陈宗德（音）的木匠筹款4570美元（约合人民币2.88万元），给他儿子治白血病。（译注：经查，安徽外经建本条新闻原文稿只有英文版，点击此处阅读。）
Zimbabwe received a Chinese loan of $98m to build the college. It will be repaid over 20 years through earnings from the Marange diamond fields, which are being mined by another Chinese firm amid widespread claims of human rights violations under military control.
津巴布韦筹建该所学院，获得来自中国9800万美元（约合人民币6.2亿元）贷款。津方将通过马兰吉（Marange）钻石矿区的收益偿还这笔贷款，还款期限20年。而马兰吉钻石矿区目前则由另一家中国公司负责开采，其军事化管理及侵犯人权的行为也引发群众怨声载道。
Okay Machisa, director of the Zimbabwe Human Rights Association, said: "Parliament approving such a debt without consulting Zimbabeweans is very serious. Why are we prioritising an army intelligence college instead of universities and hospitals?
津巴布韦人权协会（ZHRA）主任欧凯·玛琪萨（Okay Machisa）说：“议会没有咨询津巴布韦人民就批准这样一个贷款，实在是很严重的一件事。我们为什么要优先考虑建军事情报大学？为什么不先建普通综合大学和医院？
"Harare has no electricity most of the time and the water is not good for human consumption. It shows we are trying to keep Zimbabwe under the control of state security."
“哈拉雷大部分时间都没有电，水质又差，不适合饮用。这一切都说明我们正试图通过控制国家安全实现津巴布韦全国稳定。”
China's commercial empire has expanded enormously in Africa over the past decade and Zimbabwe is trying to catch up. Trade between the two countries stood at $550m last year, according to the Chinese embassy.
过去十年，中国的商业帝国已在非洲大步伐扩张，而津巴布韦则正试图迎头赶上。根据中国大使馆数据显示，去年两国之间贸易总额为5.5亿美元（约合人民币34.6亿元）。
The government in Harare has announced that China plans up to $10bn in investments over the next five years, more than in any other country.
哈拉雷政府日前宣布，中国政府计划在未来五年内对津投资100亿美元（约合人民币630亿元），投资额比对其他国家都高。
Diamonds and other mineral resources are the main attraction, but Chinese entrepreneurs have also seized opportunities in construction, manufacturing and retail. Chinese restaurants are booming, attracting top politicians and businessmen. Shops are flooded with cheap Chinese imports, or "zhing-zhong", of dubious quality. Zimbabwean vendors claim they are being undercut and put out of work.
钻石等矿产资源是吸引中方投资的主要热点，但中国的企业家们也在建筑业、制造业和零售业紧抓商机。中国餐馆在津巴布韦蓬勃发展，吸引着顶尖政治家和商人光顾；商店里充斥着廉价中国进口货——津巴布韦人管这些质量不靠谱的商品叫“精装货”（zhing-zhong，发音介于“正宗”和“精中”之间）。津巴布韦的商贩则声称他们势力遭削弱，甚至丢掉饭碗。
Just as a recent Human Rights Watch report alleged poor conditions at Chinese-run copper mines in neighbouring Zambia, so there is growing antipathy and mistrust in Zimbabwe. Trade unions have called for action and even members of Mugabe's Zanu-PF party have expressed disquiet.
正如最近一份人权观察（HRW）报告所称，在津巴布韦邻国赞比亚，中国人经营的铜矿工作条件恶劣，而津巴布韦本国也正滋生着某种对中国人的反感和不信任。工会呼吁拿出行动，甚至穆加贝的民盟党（Zanu-PF party）内也有成员对此表示不安。
Machisa said: "We've got alarming, shocking human rights abuses in firms operated by the Chinese. We've got empirical evidence that is going to shock the people of Zimbabwe. They are physically abusing the workers. They are psychologically terrorising the workers.
玛琪萨说：“中国人经营的公司已经爆出令人吃惊的、令人担忧的侵犯人权案例。我们已经收集到一些经验证据，足以震惊津巴布韦人民。中方不仅在身体上虐待工人，还在心理上恐吓他们。
（译注，点击这里阅读《卫报》相关报道《中国在赞比亚矿厂虐待工人，惹火烧身》，点击这里认领该篇原文开始翻译。）
"But they are not being prosecuted. There is a culture of impunity."
“但他们并没有被起诉。这里面有一种（在津中国人可以）免受罪罚的文化。”
Others believe the problem is a cultural misunderstanding.
有人则认为，这问题源自某种文化误解。
A Chinese immigrant, 29-year-old Li Chen, said: "If Chinese people work from 8am till 8pm they have no problem. Sometimes they ask their employees to do the same and it makes them unhappy. It will not happen.
李晨（音）是一位29岁的中国移民，他说：“中国人可以朝8晚8那么干活儿，他们没问题。有时候他们要求自己的雇员也按这作息时间工作，有人就不乐意了。这没法儿弄。
"It's a different culture. If people sit down and talk and understand each other, it should change."
“这里的文化不同。如果人们坐下来好好谈、相互理解，情况应该会有改变。”
（完）
译后记：英国《每日邮报》（Daily Mail）多年前就以《中国是怎么在非洲建立起一个新兴奴隶帝国的？》为题，从矿产业与建筑业入手，狠狠批判了所谓中国商人“昧着良心榨取剩余利益”的行为、中国人“欺软怕硬的劣根性”，以及所谓中国政府“变相输出劳力的不良居心”。近几年，面对中国在非洲日渐增长的影响力，各国政府颇上心，多方媒体颇关心，各种报道层出不穷。点击这里认领《每日邮报》这篇“可能算是有一点有预见性”的旧文章开始翻译。
另，本文图片均来自《卫报》、《每日邮报》相关报道，恕无详注。
from 译言-每日精品译文推荐 http://article.yeeyan.org/view/245405/244041
